(Family): Two dorsal fins. Caudal fin developed usually. Inner margin of pelvic separated from tail. (Genus): Anterior rays of pectoral fin extending to tip of snout. Rostral cartilage slender, extending to tip of snout. (Species): Upper surface of disc covered with developed thorns, and rather sparsely with small pricles. Nuchal thorns in a triangular patch. Thorns on tail usually in 3 rows, but sometimes thorns irregularly arranged beside the rows. Nasal curtain fringed. Two dorsals and caudal fin continuous at lower parts by their membrane. Secondary sexual characters of males distinct:outer margin of disc beside eye deeply concave; each tooth with acute cusp; 3 rows of thorns along outer margin of upper surface of disc. These characters become apparent in specimens larger than 198 mm DW.
Distribution:
Gulf of Mexico to Nicaragua and off Suriname. (Uyeno and Miyake)